I'm making progress...
Created "restricted teacher" role based on the non-editing teacher archetypal role. From now on RT.
Add "manage activities" permission for the test course. Necessary, as otherwise RT cannot create their own activities.
For those few activities I want to allow RT to create, add permission, e.g. for quiz,
Activity: Quiz Add a new quizmod/quiz:addinstance ALLOW
This works fine. Now for the more tricky bit. I do not want RT to tamper with the sample activities I have already created (as admin) on my test site. The only way I found to do this is to edit each of those activities one by one and remove permissions.
Example for Glossary:
Create new entriesmod/glossary:write Inherit (Allow) Allow -> Prevent
Manage activitiesmoodle/course:manageactivities Inherit (Allow) Allow -> Prevent
Create new entriesmod/glossary:write Inherit (Allow) Allow -> Prevent
etc.
This is rather tiresome! Lots of clicks and never sure to remember them all!
A very useful feature in my use case would be the possibility to declare an entire Section of a Course as forbidden to edit by non-editing teachers RT.
This would save a lot of time!
I'm not the only one to maintain a Moodle test site and to wish to allow a visitor with a restricted teacher role to do certain things while restricting editing of others!
Some (but not all) of the Moodle activities have a useful own permission, as:
Edit your own questionsmoodle/question:editmine
Activity: Forum Delete own posts (within deadline)mod/forum:deleteownpost
Maybe there should be more of those...