Intriguing! Here's an comparison apple to apple:
Dedicated server, Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2609 v2 @ 2.50GHz. Linux finds 8 threads. So slightly inferior. Production server. Actively used.
- root file system on SSD:
Disk /dev/sda: 893.101 GiB, 959914704896 bytes, 1874833408 sectors
Disk model: RAID1SSD
There are HD RAID1, for example for moodledata/filedir/.
- 32 GB RAM
The first Benchmark result:

Dedicated server, Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2609 v2 @ 2.50GHz. Linux finds 8 threads. So slightly inferior. Production server. Actively used.
- root file system on SSD:
Disk /dev/sda: 893.101 GiB, 959914704896 bytes, 1874833408 sectors
Disk model: RAID1SSD
There are HD RAID1, for example for moodledata/filedir/.
- 32 GB RAM
The first Benchmark result:

Result of the third try:

First try after Purge all caches:

Third try after Purge all caches:

The difference is huge, as summarized in the Score, 58-66 against 120-160!
I wouldn't call it a Moodle problem because of this control experiment. So my question is again, where is the weak spot in this server.
You might not believe, I'm struggling to get definite answers to what is real, what is virtual. So I will stretch my time accordingly. In the meantime appreciate any insights.