The "show" or "hide" dropdown only refers to whether the quiz shows up on the course homepage; so this is not part of the causation.
The reason the quiz score is hidden in the gradebook is because you only have scores checked in the Immediately after the attempt column but leave the other two columns (Later, While the quiz is still open & After the quiz is closed) blank.
A nifty way to think of it is, whatever you have in the Immediately after the attempt should column should be AT LEAST in the Later, while the quiz is still open column and whatever is in the Later, while the quiz is still open column should be AT LEAST in the After the quiz is closed column. See my post here from a past forum post in which I link to a guide I wrote on understanding the Review Options section.
The brief explanation is that you only have Immediately after the attempt checked which only refers to the two minutes following the quiz attempt. So if it is 5pm and the quiz doesn't open til 7pm, then it will be hidden in the gradebook. If a student completes an attempt at 7:15pm, then it will be available until 7:17pm. At 7:18pm, it will become unavailable again. So fill out those last two column and you should be good.