Ok, I'm not clear on exactly what this does, but googling suggests it's something to do with registering accounts on a blockchain. Is it something to do with user authentication?
Basically, what I said before seems like the most likely solution. You can write a moodle plugin that defines an event observer for the user_created event. This should be supplied with the user's data (you might have to do an extra query to get your custom field), which you can then use to call your shell script using exec().
You'll probably want to make a couple of changes to your shell script. Firstly, you'll want to let it accept the value you're sending it as an argument, rather than using `read`. Then, you'll want to `echo $user` at the end of the script, so that it will be returned by exec() and you can insert it into the database.
One very important point is that since you're accepting a value from a user and passing it to a shell command, make sure you clean it properly using escapeshellarg() before you pass it to exec(). You probably want to add some extra validation to make sure its in the expected format before you do anything with it as well.