Caspar - your screenshot shows the Site admin view of badges - if you want badges for topics then you would need to be inside a course. You could set a badge to be awarded once all the items in that particular topic were completed, and then a second badge once all the topics in a subsequent course were completed, and if you set your topics to appear conditional upon completion of the previous topic then the badges also should be awarded in sequence.
Badges
Award badges at Topic level
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