"Obviously. I just deleted all the table content and lost my session."
Truncate the table ... means remove all rows - table remains but no data in table.
Yes, if your session was in DB and you truncated rows, you would loose the current session. Can you log back in?
I see in your table the time stamps for timecreated and timemodified are exactly the same ... which would be true if your server using DB for sessions. That's an epoch time stamp ... user an epoch time stamp converter on the web to see in humanly understandable terms. That number looks like today?
Your screen shot cut off the comment ... here's what it said:
"If enabled, this setting will use the database to store information about current sessions. Note that changing this setting now will log out all current users (including you). If you are using MySQL please make sure that 'max_allowed_packet' in my.cnf (or my.ini) is at least 4M. Other session drivers can be configured directly in config.php, see config-dist.php for more information. This option disappears if you specify session driver in config.php file."
So your comment:
"Obviously. I just deleted all the table content and lost my session."
would be true.
Add that line I suggested. A line in config.php file overrides any config setting held in DB. And make sure that moodledata/sessions directory exist and is owned by web service user and is read/write/execute to that user.
'SoS', Ken