In your screen shot of commands you tired, see that one ...
php admin/cli/upgrade.php
wasn't issued correctly.
What would it hurt to force site to use boost via config.php file to see if it is related to theme?
'boost based' isn't 'boost'!
And, what the heck is environment.xml doing in moodledata?
Have 4.1.9+, 4.2.highest, and 4.3.highest sites and none of them ... repeat ... none of them have environment.xml in moodledata!!!
Either hide by renaming environment.xml with a dot in front ... like .environment.xml or delete that file in moodledata. Then go to Site Admin
Server Environment Check - Update component
That should place an environment.xml file in the correct spot.
'SoS', Ken