(I haven't refamiliarised with myself with it properly, just replying quickly from memory). The debug warning is to tell you that you've specified a function parameter as 'VALUE_OPTIONAL' but provided a default value. If you want it to fall back to a default value you should declare your function parameters as VALUE_DEFAULT. See fixes in core: https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/4d9edf1b152f24a770c93b4debddad52d91c6557
We made this throw a debug warning because if you enabled that function in a webservice called with xmlrpc (and potentially other protocols) it would throw an exception and break the entire service including unrelated functions. It was extremely obtuse and difficult to spot where the problem was coming from and would be silent until you added that function to a service.
Note its a mischaracterisation to say this is non-backwards compatible, its a DEBUG_DEVELOPER warning and does not affect production environments. On the other hand, if one day you added one of those 'broken' services to an existing web-service it would break the entire web-service and not be at all obvious where the problem came from.
I'm sorry that this got missed from the release notes and the debug warning was not explanatory enough.