I made the first quick tests and it worked ok with tiny "restrictions". Following your instructions I added to Additional HTML
<script src="https://www.desmos.com/api/v0.3/calculator.js?apiKey=dcb31709b452b1cf9dc26972add0fda6"></script>
and went to test quiz. There I added to a question field (Atto and TinyMCE - pressed first
< > ) some text and
<div id="calculator" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;"></div>
<script>
var elt = document.getElementById('calculator');
var calculator = Desmos.Calculator(elt);
calculator.setExpression({id:'graph1', latex:'y=x^2'});
</script>
The restriction here is that if you need more than one desmos calculators you should have different id for each calculator field - for example
<div id="
calculator2" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;"></div>
<script>
var elt = document.getElementById('
calculator2');
var calculator = Desmos.Calculator(elt);
calculator.setExpression({id:'
graph2', latex:'y=x^2'});
</script>
I used More theme in testing.