Hello there. The short answer is not really, because apart from the admin (and possibly a site wide manager) the role of student and teacher are defined in each course and not globally. In other words -you could be a student in one course and a teacher in another. While it is possible to have "students" and "teachers" site wide it is not recommended. Have a read of Assign roles and then come back and ask some more questions. It is possible, for example, to assign teachers and students to courses with those roles via a csv file.
Roles and permissions
Assigning roles to specific users when they are added
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