อภิธานศัพท์ประวัติศาสตร์โลกและภูมิศาสตร์

A book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that describes the new political system of scientific socialism, which becomes the basis for communism. The book states that all of human history is based on the conflict between the bourgeoisie (those who own the means of production) and the proletariat (working class), and predicted that the proletariat would rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a society with an equal distribution of goods and services.

A political revolution in Russia beginning in 1917. The Bolsheviks, now known as Communists, overthrew Czar Nicholas II and created a socialist government based upon the writings of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. Also know as the Bolshevik Revolution.

During the 1980s personal computers began to appear in many homes across the world. By the late 1990s, computers had become a staple in most industrialized country

A prison camp used to hold Jews during World War II and the Holocaust.

Confucius lived in China during the Chou Dynasty, when there was mass disorder and confusion and degrading moral standards. Confucius was appalled by what appeared to be the fracturing of Chinese society. He believed that the only cure was to stress a sense of social order and mutual respect, a philosophy that later became known as Confucianism. Confucianism teaches that there is a natural social order to society which can best be explained through the Five Relationships.

(551-479 BCE?) Chinese philosopher and writer of The Analects, a collection of moral and social teachings, including the concept of the Five Relationships. Also known as Kong Fu Zi.

Meeting of European political leaders to reestablish former territorial borders after the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the fall of Napoleon. The Congress was held in Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815, and was dominated by Prince Metternich of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Spanish conquerors who came to the New World in search of gold and other riches.

(274 CE

A document detailing the fundamental laws of a country or organization.

A political system in which a country is ruled by a monarch who has limited power due to a constitution

A cold war policy that called for containing communism to areas already under its influence. This policy was proposed by U.S. President Harry Truman.

(1473-1543) Polish astronomer who wrote On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres. Theorized that the Earth orbited the Sun (heliocentric system) and laid the foundations of modern astronomy.

A company with business dealings in many different areas.

(1485-1547) Spanish conquistador who was responsible for the conquest of the Aztec Empire and the claiming of much of Central America for the Spanish.

The movement initiated by the Catholic Church to contain the Protestant Reformation and, if possible, end it.

The acting of overthrowing a government in favor of another, usually through violent means.

A person who makes quality, practical or decorative goods.

The burning of a dead body until it turns to ash.

In colonial Latin America, American born Spanish gentry, They owned most of the land but were treated like second class citizens, and were denied political rights.