The way adaptive behaviour currently works is indeed "based primarily on the assumptions made by the programmer about how the question would be used". Those assumptions were made more than 15 years ago now, and no-one has made the effort to siginificantly change adaptive behviour since then. Desping that, people go on using it, because it is useful.
Of course, it could be made better. Pretty much everything in Moodle could be. It just takes someone who need the change badly enough to make it happen - and this has never happened with most of the ideas for improving adaptive mode. Writing things like "to display general feedback and hints during the attempt in Adaptive mode would be extremely easy to implement" is unhelpful, unless you are planning to write the code yourself. If you do, I will happily help get it through the Moodle review process.
Of course, it could be made better. Pretty much everything in Moodle could be. It just takes someone who need the change badly enough to make it happen - and this has never happened with most of the ideas for improving adaptive mode. Writing things like "to display general feedback and hints during the attempt in Adaptive mode would be extremely easy to implement" is unhelpful, unless you are planning to write the code yourself. If you do, I will happily help get it through the Moodle review process.