Sorry that I cannot help you with this. Anyway, you could hack filter.php, by commenting out this line, or the corresponding if, and see what happens .
There is a suggestion to use JsMath. As this depends on the client side, I would prefer a server side solution. I understand that the present version of the TeX filter in Moodle uses latexrender as the default option, if TeX is installed on the server. Otherwise, it falls back to mimetex.
Mathematics tools
Following TexDebug's instructions
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