1. Nothing built into the system - you would probably need to copy the contents of the mdl_user table to transfer the passwords (but then you may find issues with this - for example user preferences won't transfer that way, along with last access times for courses, messages, etc.)
2. If you backup and restore courses, including user data, then user submissions, completion states and grades will be included (assuming that is what you mean by "learner progress")
2. If you backup and restore courses, including user data, then user submissions, completion states and grades will be included (assuming that is what you mean by "learner progress")