Hi again Gareth,
An alternative to the solution that you propose is the one that I have finally managed to do to solve the problem. Since the problem was in the capabilities that was not found for the "grid" format, I thought it was not a problem in the code, since I replaced all the files of the latest version in my moodle node and still did not work change format to grid format.
Pull the thread in the code, and compared to the test environment, where it worked correctly I see that there are records in two tables, mdl_role_capabilities and mdl_capabilities, which are not in the production environment and refer to the grid format.
Backing up the database, make the inserts of the records I was missing:
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '3', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainersize', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '13', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainersize', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '15', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainersize', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '1', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainersize', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '9', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainersize', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '14', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainersize', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '3', 'format/grid:changeimageresizemethod', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '13', 'format/grid:changeimageresizemethod', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '15', 'format/grid:changeimageresizemethod', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '1', 'format/grid:changeimageresizemethod', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '9', 'format/grid:changeimageresizemethod', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '14', 'format/grid:changeimageresizemethod', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '3', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainerstyle', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '13', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainerstyle', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '15', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainerstyle', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '1', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainerstyle', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '9', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainerstyle', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '14', 'format/grid:changeimagecontainerstyle', '1', '1469090841', '6');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '3', 'format/grid:changesectiontitleoptions', '1', '1483344785', '4');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '13', 'format/grid:changesectiontitleoptions', '1', '1483344785', '4');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '15', 'format/grid:changesectiontitleoptions', '1', '1483344785', '4');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '1', 'format/grid:changesectiontitleoptions', '1', '1483344785', '4');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '9', 'format/grid:changesectiontitleoptions', '1', '1483344785', '4');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_role_capabilities" ("contextid", "roleid", "capability", "permission", "timemodified", "modifierid") VALUES ('1', '14', 'format/grid:changesectiontitleoptions', '1', '1483344785', '4');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_capabilities" ("name", "captype", "contextlevel", "component", "riskbitmask") VALUES ('format/grid:changeimagecontainersize', 'write', '50', 'format_grid', '0');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_capabilities" ("name", "captype", "contextlevel", "component", "riskbitmask") VALUES ('format/grid:changeimageresizemethod', 'write', '50', 'format_grid', '0');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_capabilities" ("name", "captype", "contextlevel", "component", "riskbitmask") VALUES ('format/grid:changeimagecontainerstyle', 'write', '50', 'format_grid', '0');
INSERT INTO "public"."mdl_capabilities" ("name", "captype", "contextlevel", "component", "riskbitmask") VALUES ('format/grid:changesectiontitleoptions', 'write', '50', 'format_grid', '0');
After inserting these registers in database, I went to the courses that were giving me problems to change the format to grid format, and voalá, it appear all the options for the grid format configuration and once saved the changes I was correctly displayed without having no error related to capabilities.
Topic solved!