What people usually use is serialized object encoded in base64 format. Example:
$value = base64_encode(serialize($data));data can be simple array or object, as you please. That upon reading you do decoding:
set_config('configname', $value, 'mypluginname');
$value = get_config('configname', 'mypluginname');
if ($value !== false) {
$data = unserialize(base64_decode($value));
// Do something.
}