I think I've had this exact conversation before, but putting my sense of deja vu to one side:
I originally thought you were talking about the Calendar Block sticking out more than other blocks in the same column as itself, which I believe is an IE-only problem. But now I think I've clicked that you are talking about the fact that whichever side of the screen you put the Calendar block on, that entire column of blocks will be pushed wider than the other column, a problem which affects both Safari and Firefox.
The two problems probably have a related root cause but I think the first problem is more jarring visually and that's the one I've always meant to track down as it kind of bugs me whenever I see it. The second is only really a major problem if you're building background images to exact pixel dimensions, which I don't think is advisable in any case e.g. if a user increases their text size you end up in the same situation. So if you want/need the blue triangle to be fixed with regard to the top-right hand side then background-position is probably the 'correct' way to do it while retaining some level of fluidity.
The only time it gets complicated is when you want to position something at both ends of the block heading, though that's doable too, with a bit of finagling.