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C

CARRINGTON LONGITUDE

A system of fixed longitudes rotating with the sun.

CENTIMETER BURST

A solar radio burst in the centimeter wavelength range.

CENTRAL MERIDIAN PASSAGE (CMP)

The passage of an ACTIVE REGION or other feature across the longitude meridian that passes through the apparent center of the solar DISK.

CHROMOSPHERE

The layer of the solar atmosphere above the PHOTOSPHERE and beneath the transition region and the CORONA.

CHROMOSPHERIC EVENTS

Some flares are just Chromospheric Events without Centimetric Bursts or Ionospheric Effects. (SID) (Class C flare)

COMPREHENSIVE FLARE INDEX (CFI)

The indicative of solar flare importance given by the sum of the following five components a) Importance of ionizing radiation as indicated by time- associated Short Wave Fade or Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance; (Scale 0-3) b) Importance of H-Alpha flare; (Scale 0-3) c) Magnitude of 10cm flux; (Characteristic of log of flux in units of 10**-22Watt/m**2/Hz) d) Dynamic spectrum; (Type II = 1, Continuum = 2, Type IV with duration > 10 minutes = 3) e) Magnitude of 200MHz flux; (Characteristic of log of flux in units of 10**-22Watt/m**2/Hz)

CONJUGATE POINTS

Two points on the earth's surface, at opposite ends of a geomagnetic field line.

CONTINUUM STORM (CTM)

General term for solar noise lasting for hours and sometimes days.

COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME

By international agreement, the local time at the prime meridian, which passes through Greenwich, England. Therefore, it is also known as GREENWICH MEAN TIME, or sometimes simply UNIVERSAL TIME.

CORONA

The outermost layer of the solar atmosphere, characterized by low densities (1.0E+09/cc) and high temperatures (1,0E+06deg.K).

CORONAL HOLE

An extended region of the CORONA, exceptionally low in density and associated with unipolar photospheric regions.

CORONAL RAIN (CRN)

Material condensing in the CORONA and appearing to rain down into the CHROMOSPHERE as observed in H-ALPHA at the solar LIMB above strong SUNSPOTS.

CORONAL TRANSIENTS

A general term for short-time-scale changes in the CORONA, but principally used to describe outward-moving PLASMA clouds.

COSMIC RAY

An extremely energetic (relativistic) charged particle.

CROCHET

A sudden deviation in the sunlit geomagnetic field (H component; see GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS) associated with large solar FLARE X-ray emission.