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G

GROUND-LEVEL EVENT (GLE)

A sharp increase in ground-level COSMIC RAY count to at least 10% above background, associated with solar protons of energies greater than 500 MeV. GLEs are relatively rare, occur- ring only a few times each SOLAR CYCLE.

H

H-ALPHA

This ABSORPTION LINE of neutral hydrogen falls in the red part of > the visible spectrum and is convenient for solar observations. The H-alpha line is universally used for patrol observations of solar flares.

H-component of the Geomagnetic Field

See GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS.

HIGH ENERGY EVENT

Flares (class two or more) with outstanding Centimetric Bursts and SID. High Energy Protons are reported at the Earth in case of most of these events occurring on the western part of solar disk. (Class X flares)

HIGH FREQUENCY (HF)

That portion of the radio frequency spectrum between between 3 and 30 MHz.

HIGH LATITUDES

With specific reference to zones of geomagnetic activity, "high latitudes" refers to 50o to 80o geomagnetic.

HIGH-SPEED STREAM

A feature of the SOLAR WIND having velocities that are about double average solar wind values.

HOMOLOGOUS FLARES

Solar flares that occur repetitively in the same ACTIVE REGION, with essentially the same position and with a common pattern of development.

HYDER FLARE

A FILAMENT-associated TWO-RIBBON FLARE, often occurring in spotless regions. The flare presumably results from the impact on the CHROMOSPHERE of infalling FILAMENT material.

I

INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD (IMF)

The magnetic field carried with the SOLAR WIND.

IONOSPHERE

The region of the earth's upper atmosphere containing a small percentage of free electrons and ions produced by photoioniza- tion of the constituents of the atmosphere by solar ultraviolet radiation at very short wavelengths (l.t.1000 angstroms). The ionosphere significantly influences radiowave propagation of fre- quencies less than about 30 MHz.

IONOSPHERIC STORM

A disturbance in the F REGION of the IONOSPHERE, which occurs in connection with geomagnetic activity.

K

K CORONA

Of the white-light CORONA (that is, the corona seen by the eye at a total solar eclipse), that portion which is caused by sunlight scattered by electrons in the hot outer atmosphere of the sun.

K INDEX

A 3-hourly quasi-logarithmic local index of geomagnetic activity relative to an assumed quiet-day curve for the recording site. Range is from 0 to 9. The K index measures the deviation of the most disturbed horizontal component.

KELVIN

A unit of absolute temperature.


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