อภิธานศัพท์ประวัติศาสตร์โลกและภูมิศาสตร์

(1564-1642) Italian astronomer. One of the founders of Europe's scientific revolution, one of his main contributions is the application of the telescope to astronomy. He was able to prove Copernicus

Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries , and proved that Copernicus' theory to be correct.

(1869-1948) Nationalist leader in India, who called for a non violent revolution to gain his country

Located in India, this river is considered sacred to Hindus and is used for spiritual cleansing, funeral rites, and other Hindu rituals.

(1807-1882?) Military leader whose Red Shirt army liberated most of southern Italy, before conquering the northern section. He was instrumental in the unification of Italy.

(563?-483?BCE), Indian philosopher and the founder of Buddhism. Siddhartha was born into the Brahmin caste, and by all account led a luxurious lifestyle. However, he was troubled by the human misery that he saw around him everyday. Upon reflection, he deduced that desire was the root caused of all suffering. Also known as the Buddha.

Name Enlightenment thinker Jean Jacques Rousseau uses to describe majority rule.

The process of altering life forms by manipulating their genetic structure.

(1167?-1227) One of the Mongol

The killing of all the people from a ethnic group, religious group, or people from a specific nation.

Members of the upper class in some social class systems.

Theory of the universe that states the earth is the center, and that the sun revolves around it.

One of the west African Trading Kingdoms. They were rich in gold and established a vast trading network across the Sahara desert.

Term given to poor areas of town where Jews were sent during World War II.

A policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which called for more openness with the nations of West, and a relaxing of restraints on Soviet citizenry.

Economic and political designation given to industrialized countries such those in North America and Western Europe, and also including Japan, and Australia. These nations have high standards of living and a high literacy rate.

Economic and Political designation given to developing nations in Asia, Africa, and South America, many of which were former colonies during European Imperialism. These post colonial nations face low literacy rates, massive unemployment, little to no industrialization, and are generally economically dependent on their former colonial masters.

Political revolution in Great Britain in 1688 that put William and Mary on the throne, while limiting the power of the monarchy and making Parliament supreme. This event marks the beginning of a constitutional monarchy in England.

Name given to the parts of the west coast of Africa by European imperialist due to the amount of gold found in the region.

The first age of the world, an untroubled and prosperous era during which people lived in ideal happiness.