อภิธานศัพท์ประวัติศาสตร์โลกและภูมิศาสตร์

A branch of mathematics pioneered by Islamic mathematician al-Khwarizimi in which letters are used to represent unknown numbers to generalize arithmetic.

Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II.

Political revolution in the British North American Colonies starting in 1776 that removed the colonies from Great Britain

(1925?- ) President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. His brutal regime resulted in the death of hundreds of thousands of people, as well as the near total ruin of Uganda. He was overthrown and exiled to Saudi Arabia in 1979.

April 3rd of 1919. British soldiers killed close to 400 unarmed Indian men, women, and children, and wounded 1,100 more. People had gathered in the center of town to protest British occupation of their country, and to demand equality. This was a turning point in British domination of India. Independence movements became very popular and eventually forced India's independence.

Collection of moral and social teachings of Confucius, including the concept of the Five Relationships.

The branch of science that studies the physical structure of living organisms.

Worship given to deceased relatives who are believed to be closer to the Gods, and therefore able to grant favors.

The oldest known type of belief system in the world. It is still practiced in a variety of forms in many traditional societies. Animists practice nature worship. They believe that everything in the universe has a spirit. This is exemplified by the practices of the Plains Indians in North America who would praise the spirit of the buffalo that they killed for giving its life to them so that they might survive. Animists also believed that ancestors watch over the living from the spirit world. This belief resulted in ancestor worship as a means of communicating with and showing respect to ancestors.

The hatred of people of Jewish descent.

A substance that kills bacteria in the human body. It is used to prevent or treat various illnesses.

An agent that helps prevent or reduce infection in wounds.

A political policy in South Africa where black South Africans could only live in certain areas, were required to use separate trains, beaches, restaurants, and schools, and could not enter into an interracial marriage.

The policy of pacifying an aggressive nation in the hopes of avoiding further conflict.

Above ground structures used to carry water long distances. Built by the ancient Romans.

A language that is the official language of several countries of North Africa and the Middle East, as well as the religion of Islam.

A written number system created during the Gupta golden age in India, then adopted by the Islamic Empire before spreading further. Used throughout western civilization today.

Land that is able to support the growing of crops.

(1929- ) President of the Palestine National Authority and Chairman of the Palestinian Liberation Organization. Considered by many to be a terrorist, he has in recent years been accepted as the legitimate authority to speak for the Palestinians. His goals is to create a homeland for the displaced Palestinians.