อภิธานศัพท์ประวัติศาสตร์โลกและภูมิศาสตร์

The flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Median which was instrumental to the founding of the religion of Islam. Occurs in 622 ACE, which dates the founding of Islam.

Effort in God

The holy book of Judaism. It describes the creation of the world, the history of ancient Israel, the Ten Commandments, and contains the Psalms and the prophetic books.

(1901-1989) Emperor of Japan from 1926 until 1989. He is the last Japanese emperor to be considered divine. Led Japan through World War II.

A Hindu holy book which is a collection of Aryan hymns that were transmitted orally before being written down in the 6th century BCE.

Code of behavior for followers of Islam. Includes Charity, Daily Prayer, Profession of Faith, Fasting during Ramadan, and a pilgrimage to Mecca called the hajj.

The ninth month of the Muslim calendar. All Muslims must fast during daylight hours, except the very young or sick.

A document detailing the fundamental laws of a country or organization.

A political system in which a country is ruled by law, has representative government, and is democratic in nature.

A political system in which a country is ruled by a monarch.

System of food production for prehistoric peoples. Involves hunting animals and gathering foods grown in the wild.

A person who belongs to a group of people who move from place to place seasonally in search of food and water.

Date designation meaning Before Common Era, or more than two thousand years ago.

Date designation meaning Common Era, or the last two thousand years of history.

A group of people within a society who share the same social, political, and economic status.

The cultivating of land, producing of crops, and raising of livestock for human consumption.

European Christian military expeditions made between the 11th and 13th centuries to retake the Middle Eastern Holy Lands occupied by the Muslims.

An independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding lands.

An infectious disease transmitted by fleas. It is characterized by fever, chills, and the formation of swellings. Also known as the Black Plague or Black Death.

An association of merchants or craftspeople in medieval Europe, formed to make regulations and set standards for a particular trade or craft.