อภิธานศัพท์ประวัติศาสตร์โลกและภูมิศาสตร์

In ancient Egypt, title given to the ruler who was considered both king and god.

(1527-1598) King of Spain from 1556 to 1598. Absolute monarch who helped lead the Counter Reformation by persecuting Protestants in his holdings. Also sent the Spanish Armada against England.

A person who seeks to understand and explain the nature of things around them. A scholar of philosophy.

A system of thought devoted to the examination of ideas such as truth, existence, reality, causality, religion, and freedom

An early trading civilization located in present day Lebanon and Syria along the Mediterranean. They produced various products, such as glass, papyrus scrolls, and dyes, and established trade across the entire Mediterranean Sea. The Phoenician trade empire benefited most cultures in this region. As their trade expanded, they setup colonies throughout the Mediterranean. The Phoenicians also developed an alphabet to keep track of their business dealings. This alphabet was later adopted and adapted by the Greeks and Romans, and is the basis for the western alphabets of today. Phoenician trade is responsible for the great exchange of ideas and culture that occurred during this time period.

Writing system that uses drawings of objects.

A religious journey to visit a shrine or other holy site.

(1476?-1541) Spanish conquistador who was responsible for the conquest of the Incan Empire.

A member of the lower class of ancient Roman society.

(1925-1998) Leader of Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. Pol Pot is responsible for the deaths of almost 2 million of his own people due to starvation, execution, and beatings.

A nation governing itself independently from a centralized point.

An organized system of political beliefs, values, and ideas.

Rights such as voting, and the ability to hold public office.

The belief in many gods or goddesses.

Leader of the Roman Catholic Church. Chosen by the College of Cardinals.

(1040?-1099) The head of the Roman Catholic Church who issued the proclamation the began the First Crusade.

A hard, fine ceramic material used to make a variety of products.

A device that combined thread to make cloth using steam power.

Period of North and South American history before the arrival of the Europeans in the late 15th century.

The idea of Calvinist Protestants that certain people were pre-selected to go to heaven.