อภิธานศัพท์ประวัติศาสตร์โลกและภูมิศาสตร์

The rights that are considered by most societies to belong automatically to all people, including the rights to justice, freedom, and equality.

A system of thought that centers on humans and their values, capacities, and worth; A cultural and intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized secular concerns as a result of the rediscovery and study of the literature, art, and civilization of ancient Greece and Rome.

System of food production for prehistoric peoples. Involves hunting animals and gathering foods grown in the wild.

(1937- ) President of Iraq since 1979. He has led his control into two devastating wars, one against Iran in 1980 to 1988, and the Persian Gulf War in 1990

Tribes in Rwanda responsible for decades of warfare.

Power that is derived from a moving body of water, such as a river or waterfall.

Islamic physician, wrote a book called Canon on Medicine, which was an encyclopedia of Greek, Arabic, and his own knowledge of medicine. This book became the standard medical text in Europe for over five hundred years.

Art form practiced by the Greeks during the 5th century BCE. Portrays the human form very realistically, but in its perfect form.

Writing system that uses pictures of ideas.

An organized system of beliefs, values, and ideas. They form the basis of a political, social, and economic philosophy.

In Islam, the leader of prayers and religious scholar.

The movement of people from one nation to another.

The complete control of a weaker nation

The bringing in of goods from another country for sale or trade.

A Mesoamerican civilization of South America, centered in Peru. The Inca ruled a large empire and had many cultural and scientific achievements including an elaborate road system, architecture, and terrace farming. The arrival of the Spanish Conquistadores ended their empire in the 15th century.

Nationalistic organization in India with the purpose of ending British control. Prominent members include Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.

Nationalist movement to end British control of India.

A social philosophy which stresses the importance of the individual above society.

Letters of forgiveness for one's sins provided by the medieval Church, and one of the causes of the Reformation.

In the second half of the 19th century, it was the fundamental change in the way goods were produced through the use of machines, capital, and the centralization of work forces in factories. It completely altered the social, economic, and political structure of most of Europe, Japan, and the United States.