อภิธานศัพท์ประวัติศาสตร์โลกและภูมิศาสตร์

(1931- ), leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His policies of Perestroika and Glasnost, which aimed at revitalizing the Soviet Union contributed to the downfall of communism.

The office, function, or authority of a governing individual or body.

(1929-1939) The dramatic decline in the world

The economic program designed to increase farm and industrial output though the creation of communes. Communes are similar to Soviet collectives in that groups of people live and work together on government owned farms and in government owned industry.

The widespread arrests and executions of over a million people by Josef Stalin between 1936 and 1938. Stalin was attempting to eliminate all opposition to his rule of the Soviet Union.

A imperialistic system founded by Japan consisting of other Asian countries during the early 20th century. Japan reduced its members to puppet nations, taking their raw materials and using them as new markets.

The cultural mixing of both ancient Greek and Roman traditions.

Fluted column used in many of their buildings, and copied throughout the world today.

Throughout the 20th century, scientists worked on improving agriculture, especially in areas with high populations. Some of the technologies developed included better irrigation systems so farmers could get water to their crops. New machinery was built to handle larger production and to take the burden of agriculture work off of humans. New chemical fertilizers and pesticides were created to increase food production, and new varieties of grains and livestock were developed also for greater production. The Green Revolution has had only limited success. The high costs associated with many of these new technologies have kept the small farmer from taking advantage of them.

A gas such as carbon dioxide, ozone, or water vapor that are a factoring the warming of the Earth

(1928-1967) Latin American guerilla leader. In the mid 20th century Guevara was instrumental in helping Fidel Castro lead the Cuban Revolution. He was later killed in Bolivia while trying to lead a revolution there.

An association of merchants or craftspeople in medieval Europe, formed to make regulations and set standards for a particular trade or craft.

Chemical compound that burns very quickly. Used in weaponry.

(320-550 C.E.)Ruling family in India during its golden age. Responsible for many achievements.

(1400?-1468) German printer and European pioneer in the use of movable type.

A place where something lives.

A 3 line poem that has 17 syllables in the Japanese language, and expresses a single thought, feeling or idea.

The pilgrimage or holy journey to the city of Mecca

Oldest written system of laws. They were created by King Hammurabi of Babylonia in th mid 18th century BCE and placed on stones tablets for all to see.

Semitic language originating in ancient Palestine and spoken by the Israelites. Modern Hebrew was developed in the 19th and 20th centuries from the ancient written language.