วันพฤหัสบดี, 25 เมษายน 2024, 9:02PM
เว็บไซต์: Moodle - Open-source learning platform | Moodle.org
รายวิชา: Moodle in Thailand (Moodle in Thailand)
อภิธานศัพท์: อภิธานศัพท์ประวัติศาสตร์โลกและภูมิศาสตร์
M
Machiavelli, Niccolo | ||
|---|---|---|
(1469-1527) Italian historian, statesman, and political philosopher of the Renaissance. His greatest work is The Prince, a book of political advice to rulers in which he describes the methods that a prince should use to acquire and maintain political power. This book was used to defend policies of despotism and tyranny. Machiavelli wrote that a ruler should take any action to remain in power, or that | ||
Magellan, Ferdinand | ||
|---|---|---|
(1480?-1521) Spanish explorer who was the first to circumnavigate the globe. | ||
Magna Carta | ||
|---|---|---|
A document granting rights to both the Church in England and the Nobility signed by King John in 1215. This is considered to be the beginnings of British democracy. | ||
Mahabharata | ||
|---|---|---|
Hindu epic poem that was written in Sanskrit in the 5th century BCE. Its most important part is the Bhagavad-Gita. | ||
Mali | ||
|---|---|---|
One of the west African Trading Kingdoms. They were rich in gold and established a vast trading network across the Sahara desert. Greatest ruler was Mansa Musa, who converted to Islam and made a famous pilgrimage. | ||
mandate | ||
|---|---|---|
A territory that was given to a European nation to administer by the League of Nations following the end of World War I. | ||
Mandate of Heaven | ||
|---|---|---|
Divine right of rule in China. | ||
Mandela, Nelson | ||
|---|---|---|
(1918 - )A black South African leader who protested the policy of Apartheid and spent over thirty years in prison before becoming the first black president of South Africa. | ||
manorialism | ||
|---|---|---|
Economic portion of feudalism where all aspects of life were centered on the lord | ||
Mansa Musa | ||
|---|---|---|
Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. | ||
Mao Zedong | ||
|---|---|---|
(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People | ||
Marco Polo | ||
|---|---|---|
(1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period. | ||
Maria Teresa | ||
|---|---|---|
An enlightened Despot who ruled the Austrian Empire. | ||
market economy | ||
|---|---|---|
An economy that operates by voluntary exchange in a free market and is not planned or controlled by a central authority; a capitalistic economy. | ||
Marshall Plan | ||
|---|---|---|
Economic aid from the United States used to rebuild Europe after World War II. Named after United States Secretary of State George Marshall. | ||
Marx, Karl | ||
|---|---|---|
(1818-1883), German political philosopher and writer. Coauthor with Friedrich Engels of The Communist Manifesto which described the new philosophy of scientific socialism, which is the basis for modern communism. | ||
mass production | ||
|---|---|---|
The manufacturing of products on a large scale, usually through the use of machines. | ||
massacre | ||
|---|---|---|
The killing of large numbers of people | ||
Matrilineal | ||
|---|---|---|
Relating to, based on, or tracing ancestral descent through the maternal line | ||
Mau Mau | ||
|---|---|---|
Revolutionary group in Kenya who used violent means to force out European settlers. | ||
Maurya Dynasty | ||
|---|---|---|
(321? BCE - 185? BCE) Dynasty that united most of India under the rule of Chandragupta Maurya. Its greatest ruler, Asoka, converted to Buddhism and was instrumental in its spread. | ||
Maurya, Chandragupta | ||
|---|---|---|
(?-286 BCE) First king of the Maurya dynasty in India. | ||
Mayans | ||
|---|---|---|
A Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico. Achievements include mathematics, architecture, and a 365 day a year calendar. They flourished between the 4th and 12th centuries C.E.. | ||
Mazzini, Guiseppe | ||
|---|---|---|
(1805-1872), Nationalistic leader in Italy, who started a group called Young Italy in 1831. Young Italy was a nationalistic movement that wanted to end foreign control of Italy. | ||
Mecca | ||
|---|---|---|
A city in Saudi Arabia where Muslims must make a pilgrimage at least once in their life. | ||
Meiji | ||
|---|---|---|
(1852-1912) Emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912. He was responsible for the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the rapid modernization and industrialization of Japan. | ||
Meiji Restoration | ||
|---|---|---|
The restoration of the Emperor Meiji to power in Japan, overthrowing the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868. | ||
Mencius | ||
|---|---|---|
(371?-289 BCE), Chinese philosopher, who studied Confucianism. He later refined many of the ideas and spread them across China. Also known as Mengzi, or Meng-tzu. | ||
Menes | ||
|---|---|---|
(3100? BCE) King of Upper Egypt, united the two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt | ||
mercantilism | ||
|---|---|---|
The policy of building a nation's wealth by exporting more goods than it imports. Colonies are instrumental in this policy as they supply their parent nations with raw materials that are used to produce finished goods, and then exported back to the colonies. Colonies not only served as a source for the raw materials, but also as an exclusive market for the parent country. | ||
merchant | ||
|---|---|---|
A person who sells goods or services. A member of the middle class in most societies. | ||
Mesoamerican | ||
|---|---|---|
A region of Central America, Mexico, and South America where several pre-Columbian civilizations lived including the Maya, Inca, and Aztecs. | ||
messiah | ||
|---|---|---|
According to the Hebrew Bible, an anointed king who will lead the Jews back to the land of Israel and establish justice in the world. According to the Christians, the Messiah was Jesus Christ. | ||
Mestizos | ||
|---|---|---|
In colonial Latin America, Spanish/Native America who were denied basic political, economic, and social rights due to their mixed heritage. | ||
Mexican Revolution | ||
|---|---|---|
(1910 | ||
Michelangelo | ||
|---|---|---|
(1475-1564) An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David. | ||
Middle Ages | ||
|---|---|---|
Time period in European history between the fall of Rome in 476 C.E. and the beginning of the Italian Renaissance in the early 15th century. | ||
middle class | ||
|---|---|---|
Social and economic class usually composed of merchants, artisans, and business people. In some societies, the richest class, but without a title of nobility. The middle class is usually the backbone of society as they are generally more moderate in their economic, social, and political habits. | ||
Middle East | ||
|---|---|---|
Geo-Political designation of the area stretching from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the western side of the Indian subcontinent. Consists of countries such as Israel, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. | ||
Middle Kingdom (China) | ||
|---|---|---|
Term that ancient China used to refer to themselves. The believed they were the center of the Earth, or the Middle Kingdom. | ||
Middle Kingdom (Egypt) | ||
|---|---|---|
(2040 BCE | ||
migration | ||
|---|---|---|
The mass movement of people from one area to another. | ||
militarism | ||
|---|---|---|
Political policy that is dominated by the military and the competitive buildup of arms. | ||
military | ||
|---|---|---|
The armed forces of a nation. | ||
Milosevic, Slobodan | ||
|---|---|---|
(1941- ) Former Yugoslavian President. He fought to keep non-Serbs from breaking away from Yugoslavia. During the 1990s, he used his army to terrorize ethnic Albanians in Kosovo, who were asking for self rule. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) finally put a stop to this violence, and Milosevic has since been arrested and awaits trial for war crimes. | ||
minority | ||
|---|---|---|
A small group of people from a larger group. | ||
missionary | ||
|---|---|---|
A person who spreads the teachings of a religion. | ||
Mixed Economy | ||
|---|---|---|
An Economic system that allows for the simultaneous operation of publicly and privately owned enterprise. | ||
Model Parliament | ||
|---|---|---|
(1295) English Parliament where bishops and abbots, peers, two knights from each shire, and two representatives from each town all met in modern format for the first time. | ||
modernization | ||
|---|---|---|
To change something to make it conform to modern standards | ||
Mohammed | ||
|---|---|---|
Prophet of Allah; founder of Islam. | ||
Moksha | ||
|---|---|---|
In Hinduism, it is the release from the cycle of reincarnation through unification with Brahma. | ||
Mona Lisa | ||
|---|---|---|
A famous Renaissance painting by Leonardo Da Vinci. | ||
monarch | ||
|---|---|---|
A state ruled or headed by a monarch. | ||
monarchy | ||
|---|---|---|
A political system in which a country is ruled by a monarch. | ||
monotheism | ||
|---|---|---|
The belief in one god or goddess. | ||
Monroe Doctrine | ||
|---|---|---|
(1823) A political policy of the United States by President James Monroe that states the Western Hemisphere is closed to European interference. | ||
Moses | ||
|---|---|---|
He is considered a founder of Judaism due to his role in the liberation of the Hebrews from Egypt, and his delivery of the Ten Commandments from Mount Sinai sometime around 2000 BCE. | ||
mosque | ||
|---|---|---|
A domed Islamic religious building. | ||
movable type printing machines | ||
|---|---|---|
A printing machine that used individual letters that could be moved after each printing. This allowed for faster and easier printing. | ||
Muezzin | ||
|---|---|---|
In Islam, one who issues a call to prayer, causing the faithful to gather at the local Mosque. | ||
mulattoes | ||
|---|---|---|
In colonial Latin America, Spanish/African who were denied basic political, economic, and social rights due to their mixed heritage. | ||
multinational company | ||
|---|---|---|
A company that does business in more than one country, usually by setting up branch offices. | ||
mummification | ||
|---|---|---|
The process of preserving a corpse by removing the moisture from it before burial. This process was practiced by many different cultures. | ||
musket | ||
|---|---|---|
Handheld weapon that uses small balls of lead as projectiles and gunpowder as the blasting agent. | ||
Muslim League | ||
|---|---|---|
Nationalist movement in India by the Islamic population who did not feel represented by the Indian National Congress. They initially formed to protexct Muslim rights, but later called for an independent state. | ||
Mussolini, Benito | ||
|---|---|---|
(1883-1945) Italian leader. He founded the Italian Fascist Party, and sided with Hitler and Germany in World War II. In 1945 he was overthrown and assassinated by the Italian Resistance. | ||