I think it is going to prove difficult to develop a Moodle plugin without using a lot of other Moodle code (e.g. the Moodle forms library, the rendering system to display templates, etc.) Moodle also takes care of lots of other stuff that you would have to handle yourself in a stand-alone application: autenticating users, controlling which users can access which activity, etc.
Dominique pointed out that you could develop your plugin as a stand-alone application, then include it in Moodle using LTI.
The other option is also possible. That is, if you develop your activity as a Moodle plugin, then you can use Moodle as an LTI provider, to allow the activity to be used from other LMSs.
Dominique pointed out that you could develop your plugin as a stand-alone application, then include it in Moodle using LTI.
The other option is also possible. That is, if you develop your activity as a Moodle plugin, then you can use Moodle as an LTI provider, to allow the activity to be used from other LMSs.