OK, the old cdn has been retired for a year and the recommendation is to use the cloudflare cdn... mmmmmm see what happens when I get distracted for a year???? My apologies... OK, then the issue must be centred around the intranet not accessing the cdn server. Ken has made some valuable suggestions but they involve hacking core code so maybe not a good idea - especially if you are not familiar with core code.
If the issue does lie around accessing the cdn, then perhaps your intranet is configured to restrict access to external sites to those designated by the admins in the firewall or other firewall magic. Might want to ask them to allow an exception.