OK, it is your first time with LAMP. Any newcomer will find the mountain of new information bewildering. That is normal. But the LAMP stack is not rocket science, and well documented. You seem to be methodical, the correct attitude towards the Unix server management.
In short: install an Ubuntu _server_ https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server _without_ a GUI. A desktop virtualization like VirtualBox allows to do this in your desktop - whether Windows or Linux. Find a good tutorial. There are simply too many.
P.S. This is a digression from the original thread. I adjusted the title, in case the thread will be split.
Installing and upgrading help
Moodle and Server 2012 R2 core
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