There are some sample courses you can download here: https://moodle.net/
However, since you are trying to develop adaptive learning, I don't know how useful a generic course will be. I suppose if you just want to test your ideas, it will help to have a starting point.
Adaptive learning can mean many different things. For example, you might use something like the "Group Choice" plugin to allow learners to choose a "style" of learning and then selectively release content depending on what group the learners chose for themselves. In a simple example, you might have "audio" vs. "text" and show only the audio files to the students who chose the "audio" style of learning by using the "Restrict access" controls in the audio and text activities. (There is no support in the literature that this kind of "learning style" affects learners, but I assume you are doing something more complex.)
Other kinds of adaptive learning might use learning analytics models to recommend content to students based on their progress in the course so far. If you have questions about learning analytics, please post them in the Learning Analytics area.
Good luck with your research!
