Hi Benjamin
I am not sure why I did this. It just looked interesting, so I made a little music display thing for Moodle just now.
The attached bundle is a Generico template that will display ABC notated text as a music score. I used the abc.js code from here: https://abcjs.net
Actually its fantastic what that code does. I couldn't believe how simple it was to use. With a bit more work it will also play the midi file.
Anyway you surround the abc formatted text with the generico tags:
{GENERICO:type=abcjs} and {GENERICO:type=abcjs_end}
Then when displayed, the Generico filter will call abc js and put music in place of the formatted text.
ie 
It was my first attempt and I know nothing about music. But perhaps you can use it. You will need to read up on the Generico filter. And I notice it only renders one score per page. So I think you might need to do a bit of work on it. Maybe its useful.