I think about the only way you can do this is to create a new course every year and name it 2017 course, 2018 course. Then just inform students to make sure that they sign up for the course for the current calendar year. You do not need to end the course at the end of year - it can continue on being active for the next year to allow students to finish up but students starting the next year would enroll in the next course. You could perhaps separate the courses by category to make it more obvious which one they need to sign up for.
Enrolment
Course Enrollment
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