Resolution:
I was using a Workshop with TurnItIn, which allows for an upload of a rubric. Thinking that a rubric both available on the course website as well as provided through TurnItIn as well as instructions for both in the email informing the students of the way they should grade. Because of this, I did not fill out the assessment instructions.
This apparently caused a problem for the workshop that I was able to click through and all went well. BUT it meant that since the Workshop thought there were no assessment instructions, it did not allow any assessment to happen. So my students were able to submit comments, they were not able to submit grades.
This HAS to have been someone else's problem before mine. How is the one site dedicated to Moodle troubleshooting not able to have seen this and needed a week of IT poking to solve this?