The badge icon seems to be missing due a moodledata error, so I'd like to know what database tables/records could direct me to it's location for me to recreate it a there is no way to edit the image.
Some tips would be helpful!
You could try by clearing all the caches:
Site admin > Development > Purge all caches
https://docs.moodle.org/25/en/Developer_tools
You could also see if the badge.png file is at the moodle pix/i folder:
moodle/pix/i