I can't think of a way to do this with standard Moodle.
I can think of two ways to do it with various amounts of hackery.
1) Make a new plugin. It could be a new question type with just one checkbox, or an activity something like a cross between Choice and Label, that displays the checkbox right on the course page.
2) In the quiz, what you want is a multiple choice question that is set to allow 'multiple' choices to be selected, so you get checkboxes not radio buttons, but which only has one checkbox. The question editing system won't let you create a question like that, but I think you can fake one like this:
- Create a new multiple choice question.
- Put in whatever question text you want people to agree to.
- One or multiple answers? Multiple answers allowed
- Number the choices: No numbering
- Choice 1: I agree (100%)
- Choice 2: DELETE ME XYXXY (0%) - or something else very distinctive.
- Save the question.
- Go into the database with a tool like Adminer or PHPMyAdmin, and look in the mdl_question_answers table.
- Fine the DELETE ME XYXXY row, and delete it.
- In Moodle, do Purge all caches.
- Preview the question and see if it now has just one checkbox.
Note, I have not tested this, and it needs direct access to the database (dangerous!). However, it probably works.