The issue is around names and short names? Make one a clone of the other, you have one course, so create the second course with different names and just import materials from the first course to the second. Assign teachers and let them do as they need.
There may be an alternative, if you do not want to be duplicating courses, and that is to use a meta course. Create the course with all the required common materials and give it a name, activating it as a meta course. Create one child course, with the teacher and students, and then another child course with the second teacher and students, each with their own names. Editing of those courses then belongs to the teachers, who should be able to add in whatever materials they require into their child courses. I have never used meta courses like this before, but I can't think of any reason it shouldn't work.