Each quiz attempt gets allocated a unique id, which is what appear in the URL. You can find all the attempts for a given user for a given quiz in the quiz_attempts table.
Probably, what you need to do is make a script like local/quizreview/index.php?quiz=123, that takes a quiz id in the URL, gets the id of the current user. Finds their most recent quiz attempt in the database, then redirects them to the review page for that attempt.
Then you can just link to that script, which has a fixed URL.