Hi Rick,
Are you sure that is the correct tracker ticket number, as the changes there are nothing related to a:links. You can see the comparison between the old code and the new here.
https://github.com/rajeshtaneja/moodle/compare/master...wip-mdl-37015
With regards all these anchor hyperlink pseudo selectors a:link, a:visited, a:hover, a:active, a:focus, all these can be overridden by your browser (Firefox select= Tools > Options > Content > Colors) Originally Formal White theme followed the Base theme which, if you check it out, does not set any anchor link colors. So if you change your browser to use really bright colors, you will see where Moodle stops and your browser takes over. I have mine always set to Pink & Purple for this reason.
As I said in my last comment, you need to trawl through all the Formal White CSS to see if there are some more a:links or just 'a' alone that have colors set which are still overriding these links.
If your assumption is correct, the only way to find out is try reversing the changes made in MDL-37015. To do this you would need access to the server, unless you have a copy of this version of Moodle on your localhost server?
I can't see that being the reason, but then again one can never tell with Moodle.
HTH
Mary