Take a look in the database as the mdl_user table - you can output any of the fields found in there, from the $USER global (plus a few extra, such as the custom profile fields).
So no, there is no such field as $USER->name, but there is $USER->username, $USER->firstname, $USER->lastname and, if it is what you are looking for, fullname($USER) (to output the configured full name of the user - defaulting to '[firstname] [lastname]' on a fresh install).