I have a site which is to operate in two languages--German and English. The language menu has been set to appear on every page, so one can change his/her language from anywhere in the Moodle site, not just on the standard few pages.
When English is selected, I have noticed no $a-type symbols anywhere on the site; however, whenever German is selected I see them in the user name, the calendar information, and the quiz information. It appears not to matter where one changes the site to German (i.e., whether they are already in a course and change it or change it at the home page and go back into a course), whenever German is the language selected from the box, the error is present. It has never fixed itself in German, and when in English it's immediately back to normal.